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Last updated: November 6, 2007
Home > CIP Library > CIP Digital Archive

CIP Digital Archive

Various documents regarding CIP were reviewed as part of the CIP Oral History Project, a research project funded by the CIP Program and conducted by GMU's Center for History and New Media (CHNM). While the CIP Library, Selective Government Reports on Infrastructure Protection webpage includes many key documents on CIP, the extensive listing below provides added information on this important topic and related issues. Transcripts of select oral history interviews conducted for the Project are available upon request.

The documents found below are only those reviewed as part of the Project between 2003 and 2006; the oldest document dates back to May 1959 and the most recent is dated August 2005. For additional materials and more current documents, please visit the other webpages located within the CIP Library.

The documents featured on this webpage include:

  • Executive Orders and Presidential Decision Directives
  • U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) Reports and Testimonies
  • Congressional Documents
    • Congressional Member Reports
    • Congressional Hearing Transcripts
    • Legislation
    • Congressional Research Service (CRS)
    • Office of Technology Assessment (OTA)
  • President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection (PCCIP) Reports
  • U.S. Critical Infrastructure Assurance Office (CIAO) Reports and Testimonies
  • Gilmore Commission Reports and Documents
  • Hart-Rudman Commission Reports and Documents
  • Related Reports and Articles

Executive Orders and Presidential Decision Directives

  • Executive Order 11051--Prescribing Responsibilities of the Office of Emergency Planning in the Executive Office of the President, September 27, 1962 (11 pages)
  • Executive Order 12472--Assignment of National Security and Emergency Preparedness Telecommunications Functions, April 3, 1984 (10 pages)
  • Executive Order 12829--National Industrial Security Program, January 6, 1993 (7 pages)
  • Executive Order 12864--United States Advisory Council on the National Information Infrastructure, September 15, 1993 (2 pages)
  • Executive Order 12919--National Defense Industrial Resources Preparedness, June 3, 1994 (10 pages)
  • Executive Order 12977--Interagency Security Committee, October 19, 1995 (2 pages)
  • Executive Order 13010--Critical Infrastructure Protection, July 17, 1996 (6 pages)
  • Executive Order 13025--Amendment to Executive Order 13010, the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, November 13, 1996 (web link)
  • Executive Order 13041--Further Amendment to Executive Order 13010, As Amended, April 3, 1997 (2 pages)
  • Executive Order 13064--Further Amendment to Executive Order 13010, As Amended, Critical Infrastructure Protection, October 11, 1997 (1 page)
  • Executive Order 13074--Amendment to Executive Order 12656, February 12, 1998 (3 pages)
  • Executive Order 13077--Further Amendment to Executive Order 13010, As Amended, Critical Infrastructure Protection, March 12, 1998 (3 pages)
  • Executive Order 13130--National Infrastructure Assurance Council, July 14, 1999 (2 pages)
  • Executive Order 13228--Establishing the Office of Homeland Security and the Homeland Security Council, October 8, 2001 (6 pages)
  • Executive Order 13231--Critical Infrastructure Protection in the Information Age, October 18, 2001 (11 pages)
  • Fact Sheet on Presidential Decision Directive 62: Combating Terrorism, May 22, 1998 (2 pages)
  • Abstract on Presidential Decision Directive 62: Combating Terrorism, The Medical and Public Health Law Site, Louisiana State University Law Center (web link)
  • Presidential Decision Directive 63, May 22, 1998 (web link)
  • White Paper: The Clinton Administration's Policy on Critical Infrastructure Protection: Presidential Decision Directive 63, May 1998 (11 pages)

U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) Reports and Testimonies

  • Armed Services
    • Armed Services: Manpower and Personnel Subcommittee, Report to Sen. Sam Nunn, Chairman, Senate Committee on Armed Services, Manpower and Personnel Subcommittee by Elmer E. Staats, Comptroller General, July 27, 1978 (16 pages)
  • Attack Warning
    • Attack Warning: Status of the Survivable Communications Integration System, July 1992 (22 pages)
  • Ballistic Missile Defense
    • Ballistic Missile Defense: Evolution and Current Issues, July 1993 (88 pages)
  • Base Security
    • Base Security: Evaluation of Alleged Weaknesses at the Miesau Army Depot, December 1990 (16 pages)
  • Bioterrorism
    • HHS Bioterrorism Preparedness Programs: States Reported Progress but Fell Short of Program Goals for 2002, Report to the Congress by the United States General Accounting Office, February 10, 2004 (47 pages)
    • Bioterrorism: A Threat to Agriculture and the Food Supply, Statement of Lawrence J. Dyckman, Director, Natural Resources and Environment, November 19, 2003 (19 pages)
    • Bioterrorism: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Role in Public Health Protection, Statement of Janet Heinrich, Director, Health Care-Public Health Issues, November 15, 2001 (19 pages)
    • Bioterrorism: Coordination and Preparedness, Statement of Janet Heinrich, Director, Health Care-Public Health Issues, October 5, 2001 (25 pages)
    • Bioterrorism: Federal Research and Preparedness Activities, September 2001 (102 pages)
  • Catastrophe Risk
    • Catastrophe Risk: U.S. and European Approaches to Insure Natural Catastrophe and Terrorism Risks, February 2005 (80 pages)
  • Chemical and Biological Defense
    • Chemical and Biological Defense: U.S. Forces are Not Adequately Equipped to Detect All Threats, January 1993 (16 pages)
  • Chemical Warfare
    • Chemical Warfare: Soldiers Not Adequately Trained or Equipped to Conduct Operations on a Chemical Battlefield, Statement of Richard Davis, Director, Army Issues, National Security and International Affairs Division, April 16, 1991 (12 pages)
    • Chemical Warfare: DOD's Reporting of Its Chemical and Biological Research, August 1990 (26 pages)
    • Chemical Warfare: Planning for Protective Chemical Shelters Needs to Be Improved, February 1987 (26 pages)
  • Combating Terrorism
    • Combating Terrorism: Intergovernmental Partnership in a National Strategy to Enhance State and Local Preparedness, Statement of Paul L. Posner, Managing Director, Federal Budget Issues, Strategic Issues, March 22, 2002 (22 pages)
    • Combating Terrorism: Selected Challenges and Related Recommendations, September 2001 (218 pages)
    • Combating Terrorism: FEMA Continues to Make Progress in Coordinating Preparedness and Response, March 2001 (45 pages)
    • Combating Terrorism: Need to Eliminate Duplicate Federal Weapons of Mass Destruction Training, March 2000 (49 pages)
    • Combating Terrorism: Observations on the Threat of Chemical and Biological Terrorism, Statement of Henry L. Hinton, Jr., Assistant Comptroller General, National Security and International Affairs Division, October 20, 1999 (13 pages)
    • Combating Terrorism: Need for Comprehensive Threat and Risk Assessments of Chemical and Biological Attacks, September 1999 (40 pages)
    • Combating Terrorism: Issues to Be Resolved to Improve Counterterrorism Operations, May 1999 (32 pages)
    • Combating Terrorism: Use of National Guard Response Teams is Unclear, May 1999 (52 pages)
    • Combating Terrorism: Opportunities to Improve Domestic Preparedness Program Focus and Efficiency, November 1998 (56 pages)
  • Commercial Air Defense
    • Commercial Air Defense Supplies, Letter to the Hon. G. William Whitehurst, House of Representatives, from D.J. Horan for R. W. Gutmann, Director, United States General Accounting Office, March 2, 1979 (15 pages)
  • Computer Resources and Military Readiness
    • The Defense Science Board’s Task Force on Embedded Computer Resources Acquisition and Management, Statement of Charles A. Bowsher, Comptroller General of the United States, July 22, 1982 (7 pages)
    • Computers and U.S. Army Readiness, Fred J. Shafer, Director, Logistics and Communications Division, April 21, 1978 (2 pages)
    • Multilevel Computer Security Requirements of the World Wide Military Command and Control System, Fred J. Shafer, Director, Logistics and Communications Division, April 5, 1978 (11 pages)
    • Computers and U.S. Military Readiness in Europe, Comptroller General’s Report to the Congress, August 25, 1976 (2 pages)
    • Practices at the National Civil Defense Computer Facility Olney, Maryland, Letter to the Hon. Marlow W. Cook, United States Senate, from Elmer B. Staats, Comptroller General of the United States, July 2, 1971 (5 pages)
  • Continental Air Defense
    • Continental Air Defense: A Dedicated Force is No Longer Needed, May 1994 (34 pages)
  • Continuity of Operations
    • Continuity of Operations: Improved Planning Needed to Ensure Delivery of Essential Services, Statement of Linda D. Koontz, Director, Information Management Issues, April 22, 2004 (21 pages)
    • Continuity of the Federal Government in a Critical National Emergency, a Neglected Necessity, Report to the Congress by Elmer B. Staats, Comptroller General, April 27, 1978 (90 pages)
  • Critical Infrastructure Protection
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection: Department of Homeland Security Faces Challenges in Fulfilling Cybersecurity Responsibilities, May 2005 (78 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection: Improving Information Sharing with Infrastructure Sectors, July 2004 (69 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection: Establishing Effective Information Sharing with Infrastructure Sectors, Statement of Robert F. Dacey, Director, Information Security Issues, April 21, 2004 (43 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection: Challenges and Efforts to Secure Control Systems, March 2004 (47 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection: Challenges and Efforts to Secure Control Systems, Statement of Robert F. Dacey, Director, Information Security Issues, March 30, 2004 (29 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection: Challenges for Selected Agencies and Industry Sectors, February 2003 (72 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection: Efforts of the Financial Services Sector to Address Cyber Threats, January 2003 (59 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection: Commercial Satellite Security Should Be More Fully Addressed, August 2002 (51 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection: Federal Efforts Require a More Coordinated and Comprehensive Approach for Protecting Information Systems, July 2002 (84 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection: Significant Challenges Need to Be Addressed, Statement of Robert F. Dacey, Director, Information Security Issues, July 24, 2002 (64 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection: Significant Homeland Security Challenges Need to Be Addressed, Statement of Robert F. Dacey, Director, Information Security Issues, July 9, 2002 (46 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection: Significant Challenges in Safeguarding Government and Privately Controlled Systems from Computer-Based Attacks, Statement of Joel C. Willemssen, Managing Director, Information Technology Issues, September 26, 2001 (41 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection: Significant Challenges in Protecting Federal Systems and Developing Analysis and Warning Capabilities, Statement of Joel C. Willemssen, Managing Director, Information Technology Issues, September 12, 2001 (31 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection: Challenges to Building a Comprehensive Strategy for Information Sharing and Coordination, Statement of Jack L. Brock, Jr., Director, Governmentwide and Defense Information Systems, Accounting and Information Management Division, July 26, 2000 (15 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection: Comments on the Proposed Cyber Security Information Act of 2000, Statement of Joel C. Willemssen, Director, Civil Agencies Information Systems, Accounting and Information Management Division, June 22, 2000 (14 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection: "ILOVEYOU" Computer Virus Highlights Need for Improved Alert and Coordination Capabilities, Statement of Jack L. Brock, Jr., Director, Governmentwide and Defense Information Systems, Accounting and Information Management Division, May 18, 2000 (12 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection: "ILOVEYOU" Computer Virus Emphasizes Critical Need for Agency and Governmentwide Improvements, Statement of Keith A. Rhodes, Director, Office of Computer and Information Technology Assessment, Accounting and Information Management Division, May 10, 2000 (12 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection: Comments on the National Plan for Information Systems Protection, Statement of Jack L. Brock, Jr., Director, Governmentwide and Defense Information Systems, Accounting and Information Management Division, February 1, 2000 (14 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection: Comprehensive Strategy Can Draw on Year 2000 Experiences, October 1999 (55 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection: Fundamental Improvements Needed to Assure Security of Federal Operations, Statement of Jack L. Brock, Jr., Director, Governmentwide and Defense Information Systems, Accounting and Information Management Division, October 6, 1999 (16 pages)
  • Defense Industrial Base
    • Overview of the Status of the Defense Industrial Base and DOD’s Industrial Preparedness Planning, Report to the Hon. Sam Nunn, United States Senate, by the U.S. General Accounting Office, May 23, 1985 (24 pages)
    • The Defense Industrial Base, Statement of Werner Grosshans, Deputy Director Procurement, Logistics and Readiness Division, July 21, 1981 (15 pages)
  • Defense Production Act
    • Defense Production Act: Foreign Involvement and Materials Qualification in the Title III Program, March 1994 (34 pages)
    • Defense Production Act: Offsets in Military Exports and Proposed Amendments to the Act, April 1990 (22 pages)
    • Comments Relating to the Reauthorization of the Defense Production Act, March 1, 1990 (15 pages)
    • The Defense Production Act: Testimony, Statement of F. Kevin Boland, Senior Associate Director Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, September 15, 1983 (26 pages)
    • The Defense Production Act: Comments, Statement of J. Dexter Peach, Director Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, March 21, 1983, (11 pages)
    • Defense Production Act Amendments of 1977, Statement of Paul G. Dembling, General Counsel, United States General Accounting Office, May 20, 1977 (6 pages)
  • Defense Research
    • Defense Research: Protecting Sensitive Data and Materials at 10 Chemical and Biological Laboratories, July 1991 (36 pages)
  • Department of Defense
    • Department of Defense's Replacement of the Defense Commercial Telecommunications Network (DCTN) Contract, Samuel W. Bowlin, Director, Defense and Security Information Systems, April 28, 1993 (6 pages)
    • The Department of Defense’s Efforts to Achieve Interoperability, Statement of Richard A. Davis, Associate Director, National Security and International Affairs Division, August 14, 1986 (17 pages)
    • DOD Should Change its Approach to Reducing Computer Software Proliferation, Report to the Chairman, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, by the Comptroller General of the United States, May 26, 1983 (26 pages)
    • DOD’S Space-Based Laser Program—Potential, Progress, and Problems, Report by the Comptroller General of the United States, February 26, 1982 (4 pages)
    • DOD’s Industrial Preparedness Program Needs National Policy to Effectively Meet Emergency Needs, Report to the Congress by the Comptroller General of the United States, May 27, 1981 (60 pages)
    • Restructuring Needed of Department of Defense Program for Planning with Private Industry for Mobilization Production Requirements, Report to the Congress by Elmer B. Staats, Comptroller General, May 13, 1977 (36 pages)
    • Questionable Need for Full Implementation of Plans to Construct Explosive Production Facilities by the Department of Defense, Letter to the Secretary of Defense on behalf of the Director, United States General Accounting Office, October 14, 1971 (2 pages)
  • Disaster Management
    • Disaster Management: Recent Disasters Demonstrate the Need to Improve the Nation's Response Strategy, Statement of J. Dexter Peach, Assistant Comptroller General, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, May 25, 1993 (32 pages)
  • Electricity Restructuring
    • Posthearing Questions from the September 17, 2003, Hearing on “Implications of Power Blackouts for the Nation’s Cybersecurity and Critical Infrastructure Protection: The Electric Grid, Critical Interdependencies, Vulnerabilities, and Readiness”, Robert F. Dacey, Director, Information Security Issues, December 8, 2003 (11 pages)
    • Electricity Restructuring: 2003 Blackout Identifies Crisis and Opportunity for the Electricity Sector, November 2003 (49 pages)
  • Electronic Warfare
    • Electronic Warfare: Costly Radar Warning Receiver Duplication Continues, November 1993 (30 pages)
    • Electronic Warfare: Laser Warning System Production Should Be Limited, January 1993 (9 pages)
    • Electronic Warfare: No Air Force Follow-Up on Test Equipment Inadequacies, July 1991 (34 pages)
    • Performance Effectiveness of Radar Jammers Recently Acquired or Being Acquired by the Air Force for Protection of its Tactical Aircraft, Louis J. Rodrigues, Director, Command Control, Communications, and Intelligence Issues, July 11, 1990 (30 pages)
    • Electronic Warfare: Reliable Equipment Needed to Test Air Force's Electronic Warfare Systems, August 1989 (32 pages)
    • Countermeasures: Survivability of U.S. Radars Needs More Emphasis, July 1989 (16 pages)
    • Electronic Warfare: Navy / Air Force Still Developing Separate, Costly Radar Warning Receivers, July 1987 (28 pages)
  • Embedded Computer Systems
    • Embedded Computer Systems: New F/A-18 Capabilities Impact Navy's Software Development Process, September 1992 (18 pages)
    • Embedded Computer Systems: Defense Does Not Know How Much it Spends on Software, July 1992 (20 pages)
    • Importance and Prevalence of Embedded Computer Systems and Oversight of this Technology by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Statement of Ralph V. Carlone, Assistant Comptroller General, Information Management and Technology Division, April 26, 1990 (7 pages)
  • Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
    • The Federal Emergency Management Agency’s Plan for Revitalizing U.S. Civil Defense: A Review of Three Major Plan Components, Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on HUD/Independent Agencies, Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate by the Comptroller General of the United States, April 16, 1984 (76 pages)
    • National Defense Executive Reserve Program, Donald J. Horan, Director, Procurement, Logistics, and Readiness Division, February 28, 1983 (10 pages)
  • Financial Management Service
    • Financial Management Service: Significant Weaknesses in Computer Controls, October 1999 (24 pages)
  • Global Positioning System
    • Global Positioning System: Production Should Be Limited Until Receiver Reliability Problems Are Resolved, March 1991 (20 pages)
  • Homeland Defense
    • Homeland Defense: DOD Needs to Assess the Structure of U.S. Forces for Domestic Military Missions, July 2003 (46 pages)
  • Homeland Security
    • Homeland Security: Federal and Industry Efforts are Addressing Security Issues at Chemical Facilities, but Additional Action is Needed, Statement of John B. Stephenson, Director, Natural Resources and Environment, April 27, 2005 (19 pages)
    • Homeland Security: Process for Reporting Lessons Learned from Seaport Exercises Needs Further Attention, January 2005 (35 pages)
    • Homeland Security: Federal Leadership and Intergovernmental Cooperation Required to Achieve First Responder Interoperable Communications, July 2004 (100 pages)
    • Homeland Security: Information Sharing Responsibilities, Challenges, and Key Management Issues, Statement of Robert F. Dacey, Director, Information Security Issues, September 17, 2003 (59 pages)
    • Homeland Security: Critical Design and Implementation Issues, Statement of David Walker, Comptroller General of the United States, July 17, 2002 (31 pages)
  • Homeporting
    • Homeporting: Status of Continuing Construction and Development, June 1990 (12 pages)
    • The Navy’s Strategic Homeporting Plan, Statement of Bill W. Thurman Deputy Director, National Security and International Affairs Division, February 26, 1986 (12 pages)
  • Industrial Base (and Defense Industrial Base)
    • Industrial Base: Contractors Have Ability to Meet Requirements for Rations During Wartime, August 1994 (24 pages)
    • Industrial Base: Assessing the Risk of DOD's Foreign Dependence, April 1994 (52 pages)
    • Defense Industrial Base: An Overview of an Emerging Issue, March 1993 (20 pages)
    • Industrial Base: Significance of DOD's Foreign Dependence, January 1991 (30 pages)
    • Industrial Base: Adequacy of Official Information on the U.S. Defense Industrial Base, November 1989 (24 pages)
    • Adequacy of Official Information on U.S. Defense Industrial Base, Statement of Frank C. Conahan, Assistant Comptroller General, National Security and International Affairs Division, July 18, 1989 (14 pages)
    • Industrial Base: Defense-Critical Industries, August 1988 (55 pages)
    • Industrial Base: DOD Efforts to Correct Deficiencies in Ammunition Production Base, November 1986 (12 pages)
    • Maintaining a Military Presence in an Industrial Environment— lssues and Costs, Report to the Congress by the Comptroller General of the United States, April 12, 1976 (62 pages)
  • Industrial Security (and Defense Industrial Security)
    • Industrial Security: DOD Cannot Provide Adequate Assurances that its Oversight Ensures the Protection of Classified Information, March 2004 (34 pages)
    • Defense Industrial Security: Issues in the Proposed Acquisition of LTV Corporation Missiles Division by Thomson-CSF, Statement of Joseph E. Kelley, Director, Security and International Relations Issues, National Security and International Affairs Division, June 25, 1992 (10 pages)
    • Defense Industrial Security: Special Security Agreements Permit Foreign-owned U.S. Firms to Perform Classified Defense Contracts, March 21, 1990 (18 pages)
  • Information Security
    • Information Security: Status of Federal Public Key Infrastructure Activities at Major Federal Departments and Agencies, December 2003 (58 pages)
    • Information Security: Progress Made, But Challenges Remain to Protect Federal Systems and the Nation's Critical Infrastructures, Statement of Robert F. Dacey, Director, Information Security Issues, April 8, 2003 (75 pages)
    • Information Security: Progress and Challenges to an Effective Defense-wide Information Assurance Program, March 2001 (43 pages)
    • Information Security: Advances and Remaining Challenges to Adoption of Public Key Infrastructure Technology, February 2001 (82 pages)
    • Information Security: Serious and Widespread Weaknesses Persist at Federal Agencies, September 2000 (36 pages)
    • Information Security: Computer Attacks at Department of Defense Pose Increasing Risk, Statement of Jack L. Brock, Jr., Director, Defense Information and Financial Management Systems, Accounting and Information Management Division, May 22, 1996 (11 pages)
    • Information Security: Federal Agency Use of Nondisclosure Agreements, July 1991 (24 pages)
    • Information Security: Federal Agency Use of Nondisclosure Agreements, January 1991 (36 pages)
    • Information Security: Disposition and Use of Classified Documents by Presidential Appointees, September 1990 (21 pages)
    • Information Security: Controls Over Unofficial Access to Classified Information, June 1989 (18 pages)
    • Information Security: Need for DOD Inspections of Special Access Contracts, August 1986 (16 pages)
  • Information Sharing
    • Information Sharing: Practices That Can Benefit Critical Infrastructure Protection, October 2001 (39 pages)
  • Information System
    • Information System: Status of the Continental Army Management Information System, October 1986 (20 pages)
  • Information Technology
    • Information Technology: Major Federal Networks That Support Homeland Security Functions, September 2004 (66 pages)
    • Information Technology: Comments on Navy Facility Consolidation Plan, December 1992 (14 pages)
    • Information Technology: DOD's Federal Logistics Data on Compact Disc Program, March 1990 (28 pages)
  • Interoperability
    • Interoperability: DOD's Efforts to Achieve Interoperability Among C3 Systems, April 1987 (32 pages)
  • Military Communications
    • Military Satellite Communications: DOD Needs to Review Requirements and Strengthen Leasing Practices, February 1994 (12 pages)
    • Military Communications: Joint Tactical Information Distribution System Issues, November 1992 (28 pages)
    • Navy’s Strategic Communications System, Statement of Jerome H. Stolarow, Director Procurement and Systems Acquisition Division, April 5, 1979 (8 pages)
  • Military Space Programs
    • Military Space Programs: Opportunities to Reduce Missile Warning and Communication Satellites' Costs, Statement of Louis J. Rodrigues, Director, Systems Development and Production Issues, National Security and International Affairs Division, February 2, 1994 (14 pages)
  • Mobility Requirements
    • DOD's Mobility Requirements: Alternative Assumptions Could Affect Recommended Acquisition Plan, April 1993 (20 pages)
    • The Navy Does Not Know if it has Too Much Electronic/Electrical Depot Maintenance Capability, Too Little, or the Right Kind, November 2, 1979 (65 pages)
  • National Defense Stockpile
    • National Defense Stockpile: Views on DOD's 1992 Report to the Congress and Proposed Legislation, March 1993 (44 pages)
    • Defense Stockpile: Defense Logistics Agency Contract Award for Cobalt, February 1991 (12 pages)
    • National Defense Stockpile: National Security Council Study Inadequate to Set Stockpile Goals, May 1987 (48 pages)
    • The Adequacy of the National Security Council Study for Setting National Defense Stockpile Goals, Statement of Martin M. Ferber, Associate Director, National Security and International Affairs Division, March 18, 1987 (17 pages)
    • National Defense Stockpile: Adequacy of National Security Council Study for Setting Stockpile Goals, August 1986 (28 pages)
  • National Security
    • National Security: The Use of Presidential Directives to Make and Implement U.S. Policy, December 1988 (20 pages)
  • Nuclear Defense Complex
    • Extent of Problems and Cost to Revitalize the Nation’s Nuclear Defense Complex, Statement of J. Dexter Peach, Assistant Comptroller General Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, August 23, 1988 (13 pages)
  • Potential Terrorist Attacks
    • Potential Terrorist Attacks: Additional Actions Needed to Better Prepare Critical Financial Market Participants, February 2003 (120 pages)
    • Potential Terrorist Attacks: More Actions Needed to Better Prepare Critical Financial Markets, Statement of Davi M. D'Agostino, Director, Financial Markets and Community Investment, February 12, 2003 (11 pages)
  • Protection of Chemical and Water Infrastructure
    • Protection of Chemical and Water Infrastructure: Federal Requirements, Actions of Selected Facilities, and Remaining Challenges, March 2005 (55 pages)
  • Secure Voice Telephone Systems
    • Concerns Regarding the National Security Agency Secure Telephone Program, Frank C. Conahan, Director, National Security and International Affairs Division, October 15, 1985 (5 pages)
    • Development of Military and Civil Agency Nontactical Secure Voice Systems, Letter to the Hon. John C. Stennis, Chairman, Subcommittee on Defense, Senate Committee on Appropriations, from the Acting Comptroller General of the United States, September 29, 1978 (23 pages)
    • Secure Voice Telephone Systems--How Department of Defense Can Save Millions, Comptroller General’s Report to the Congress, December 30, 1977 (4 pages) 
  • Strategic Defense Initiative Program
    • Strategic Defense Initiative Program: A Look at Lessons Learned During SDIO's First 7 Years, Statement of Frank C. Conahan, Assistant Comptroller General, National Security and International Affairs Division, May 16, 1991 (16 pages)
  • Supercomputing
    • Supercomputing in Industry, Statement for the Record by Jack L. Erock, Jr., Director, Government Information and Financial Management Issues, Information Management and Technology Division, March 7, 1991 (11 pages)
  • Technology Assessment
    • Technology Assessment: Cybersecurity for Critical Infrastructure Protection, May 2004 (223 pages)
  • Terrorism Insurance
    • Terrorism Insurance: Rising Uninsured Exposure to Attacks Heightens Potential Economic Vulnerabilities, Statement of Richard J. Hillman, Director, Financial Markets and Community Investment, February 27, 2002 (20 pages)
  • U.S. Corps of Engineers
    • U.S. Corps of Engineers: Better Management Needed for Mobilization Support, April 1993 (16 pages)
  • U.S. Weapons
    • U.S. Weapons: The Low-Intensity Threat is Not Necessarily a Low-Technology Threat, March 1990 (25 pages)
    • Better Planning and Management of Threat Simulators and Aerial Targets is Crucial to Effective Weapon Systems Performance, Report to the Congress by the Comptroller General of the United States, June 23, 1983 (56 pages)

Congressional Documents

Congressional Member Reports

  • Cybersecurity for the Homeland, Report of the Activities and Findings by the Chairman and Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Science, and Research & Development of the U.S. House of Representatives Select Committee on Homeland Security, December 2004 (41 pages)
  • Winning the War on Terror, Representative Jim Turner, Ranking Member, House Select Committee on Homeland Security, April 2004 (95 pages)

Congressional Hearing Transcripts

  • Banking and Finance Sector
    • Protecting Our Financial Infrastructure: Preparation and Vigilance, Hearing before the Committee on Financial Services, House of Representatives, 108th Congress, Second Session, September 8, 2004 (163 pages)
    • S. 798, The Promote Reliable On-line Transactions to Encourage Commerce and Trade (PROTECT) Act of 1999, Hearing before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, 106th Congress, First Session, June 10, 1999 (133 pages)
  • Bioterrorism
    • Bioterrorism—Domestic Weapons of Mass Destruction, Joint Hearing before the Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies, Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs, United States Senate, 106th Congress, First Session, March 16, 2000 (61 pages)
    • Preparedness for Epidemics and Bioterrorism, Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, 105th Congress, Second Session, June 2, 1998 (64 pages)
  • Combating Terrorism (and Counterterrorism)
    • Combating Terrorism: Improving the Federal Response, Joint Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs and International Relations, and the Subcommittee on the Civil Service, Census and Agency Organization, of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, 107th Congress, Second Session, June 11, 2002 (155 pages)
    • Counterterrorism and Infrastructure Protection, Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, 106th Congress, First Session, February 4, 1999 (83 pages)
    • Combating Terrorism: Implementation and Status of the Department of Defense Domestic Preparedness Program, Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, International Affairs, and Criminal Justice of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, 105th Congress, Second Session, October 2, 1998 (182 pages)
    • Counterterrorism, Hearing before the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, 105th Congress, First Session, May 13, 1998 (48 pages)
    • Combating Terrorism: The Proliferation of Agencies’ Efforts, Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, International Affairs, and Criminal Justice of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, 105th Congress, Second Session, April 23, 1998 (82 pages)
    • Counterterrorism—Evaluating the 5-Year Plan, Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, 105th Congress, Second Session, March 31, 1998 (56 pages)
  • Computer Security
    • How Secure is Sensitive Commerce Department Data and Operations? A Review of the Departments Computer Security Policies and Practices, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, 107th Congress, First Session, August 3, 2001 (163 pages)
    • Protecting America’s Critical Infrastructure: How Secure Are Government Computer Systems? Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, 107th Congress, First Session, April 5, 2001 (234 pages)
    • The Role of Computer Security in Protecting U.S. Infrastructures, Hearing before the Committee on Science, Subcommittee on Technology, House of Representatives, November 6, 1997 (web link)
  • Critical Infrastructure Protection
    • How is America Safer? A Progress Report on The Department of Homeland Security, Hearing before the Select Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, 108th Congress, First Session, May 20, 2003 and May 22, 2003 (143 pages)
    • Securing Our Infrastructure: Private/Public Information Sharing, Hearing before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, 107th Congress, Second Session, May 8, 2002 (233 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection: Who’s in Charge? Hearing before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, 107th Congress, First Session, October 4, 2001 (109 pages)
    • How Secure is Our Critical Infrastructure? Hearing before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, 107th Congress, First Session, September 12, 2001 (91 pages)
  • Current and Projected Threats
    • Current and Projected National Security Threats to the United States, Hearing before the Select Committee on Intelligence, United States Senate, 106th Congress, Second Session, February 2, 2000 (57 pages)
    • Critical Information Infrastructure Protection: The Threat is Real, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism, and Government Information of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 106th Congress, First Session, October 6, 1999 (63 pages)
    • Current and Projected National Security Threats to the United States, Hearing before the Select Committee on Intelligence, United States Senate, 105th Congress, Seconds Session, January 28, 1998 (180 pages)
  • Cybersecurity
    • Virtual Threat, Real Terror: Cyberterrorism in the 21st Century, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology and Homeland Security of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 108th Congress, Second Session, February 24, 2004 (97 pages)
    • Cybersecurity—Getting it Right, Hearing of the Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Science, and Research, and Development before the Select Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, 108th Congress, First Session, July 22, 2003 (55 pages)
    • Industry Speaks on Cybersecurity, Hearing of the Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Science, and Research, and Development before the Select Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, 108th Congress, First Session, July 15, 2003 (85 pages)
    • Cybersecurity Research and Development, Hearing before the Committee on Science, House of Representatives, 108th Congress, First Session, May 14, 2003 (116 pages)
    • Cyber Security: The Challenges Facing Our Nation in Critical Infrastructure Protection, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Technology, Information Policy, Intergovernmental Relations and the Census of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, 108th Congress, First Session, April 8, 2003 (157 pages)
    • Cyberterrorism: Is the Nation’s Critical Infrastructure Adequately Protected? Hearing before the Subcommittee on Government Efficiency, Financial Management and Intergovernmental Relations of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, 107th Congress, Second Session, July 24, 2002 (197 pages)
    • Cyber Security: Private-Sector Efforts Addressing Cyber Threats, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade, and Consumer Protection of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, 107th Congress, First Session, November 15, 2001 (69 pages)
    • Improving Our Ability to Fight Cybercrime: Oversight of the National Infrastructure Protection Center, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism, and Government Information of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 107th Congress, First Session, July 25, 2001 (85 pages)
    • Internet Security and Privacy, Hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 106th Congress, Second Session, May 25, 2000 (106 pages)
    • Cyber Attack: Improving Prevention and Prosecution, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism, and Government Information of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 106th Congress, Second Session, April 21, 2000 (116 pages)
    • Cyber Attacks: Removing Roadblocks to Investigation and Information Sharing, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism, and Government Information of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 106th Congress, Second Session, March 28, 2000 (86 pages)
    • Cybercrime: Can a Small Business Protect Itself? Forum before the Committee on Small Business, United States Senate, 106th Congress, Second Session, March 9, 2000 (101 pages)
    • Internet Security, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Communications of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, 106th Congress, Second Session, March 8, 2000 (68 pages)
    • Cyber Attack: Is the Government Safe? Hearing before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, 106th Congress, Second Session, March 2, 2000 (124 pages)
    • Cybercrime, Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, 106th Congress, Second Session, February 16, 2000 (87 pages)
    • Cyber Attacks: The National Protection Plan and its Privacy Implications, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism, and Government Information of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 106th Congress, Second Session, February 1, 2000 (83 pages)
  • Defense Production Act
    • Reauthorization of the Defense Production Act, Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, 108th Congress, First Session, June 5, 2003 (65 pages)
  • Domestic Preparedness
    • Domestic Preparedness in the Next Millennium, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Youth Violence and the Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism, and Government Information of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 106th Congress, First Session, April 20, 1999 (70 pages)
  • Encryption (SAFE) Act
    • H.R. 695: Security and Freedom Through Encryption (SAFE) Act, Markup before the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, 105th Congress, First Session, June 24, 1997 (web link)
    • Encryption: Individual Right to Privacy vs. National Security, Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, 105th Congress, First Session, May 8, 1997 (web link)
    • Security and Freedom through Encryption (SAFE) Act, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Courts and Intellectual Property of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, March 20, 1997 (web link)
  • Electronic Surveillance
    • The “Carnivore” Controversy: Electronic Surveillance and Privacy in the Digital Age, Hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 106th Congress, Second Session, September 6, 2000 (101 pages)
  • Energy Sector
    • Implications of Power Blackouts for the Nation’s Cybersecurity and Critical Infrastructure Protection, Joint Hearing of the Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Science, and Research, and Development and the Subcommittee on Infrastructure and Border Security of the Select Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, 108th Congress, First Session, September 4, 2003 and September 23, 2003 (246 pages)
    • Blackout 2003: How Did it Happen and Why? Hearings before the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, 108th Congress, First Session, September 3 and September 4, 2003 (393 pages)
    • Electricity Infrastructure, Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, 107th Congress, Second Session, July 24, 2002 (66 pages)
    • Utilities and the National Power Grid, Hearing before the Special Committee on the Year 2000 Technology Problem, United States Senate, 105th Congress, Second Session, June 12, 1998 (154 pages)
  • Foreign Affairs Appropriations
    • Fiscal Year 2000 Foreign Affairs Budget and Embassy Security for a New Millennium, Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Subcommittee on International Operations, United States Senate, 106th Congress, First Session, February 24, March 4 and 11, and April 21, 1999 (245 pages)
  • Homeland Security Appropriations
    • Homeland Security, Hearings before the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, 107th Congress, Second Session, April 10, 2002 and April 11, 2002 (341 pages)
  • Information Technology and Telecommunications
    • Telecommunications and SCADA: Secure Links or Open Portals to the Security of Our Nation’s Critical Infrastructure? Hearing before the Subcommittee on Technology, Information Policy, Intergovernmental Relations and the Census of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, 108th Congress, Second Session, March 30, 2004 (123 pages)
    • The Nation’s Wireline and Wireless Communications Infrastructure in Light of September 11th, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Communications of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, 107th Congress, Second Session, March 6, 2002 (67 pages)
    • Electronic Communication Networks in the Wake of September 11, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade, and Consumer Protection of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, 107th Congress, First Session, December 19, 2001 (66 pages)
    • Response of the Technology Sector in Times of Crisis, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Space of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, 107th Congress, First Session, December 5, 2001 (97 pages)
    • Information Technology—Essential Yet Vulnerable: How Prepared Are We For Attacks? Hearing before the Subcommittee on Government Efficiency, Financial Management and Intergovernmental Relations of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, 107th Congress, First Session, September 26, 2001 (184 pages)
    • Secure Communications, Hearing before the Committee on Science, Subcommittee on Technology, House of Representatives, February 11, 1997 (web link)
  • National Security Readiness Act
    • H.R. 1835, ‘‘National Security Readiness Act”, Legislative Hearing before the Committee on Resources, House of Representatives, 108th Congress, First Session, May 6, 2003 (171 pages)
  • Transportation Sector and Border Security
    • Transportation and Border Security, Hearing before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, 108th Congress, First Session, April 9, 2003 (82 pages)
    • Defending America’s Transportation Infrastructure, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Crime and Drugs of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 107th Congress, First Session, October 16, 2001 (35 pages)
    • U.S. Seaport Security, Hearing before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, 106th Congress, Second Session, October 4, 2000 (47 pages)
    • Oversight Hearing on Aviation Security, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Aviation of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, 106th Congress, Second Session, April 6, 2000 (70 pages)
  • Water Sector
    • Water Infrastructure, Hearing before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, 106th Congress, First Session, October 7, 1999 (112 pages)
  • Y2K
    • Year 2000 Computer Problem: Did the World Overreact, and What Did We Learn? Joint Hearing before the Subcommittee on Government Management, Information, and Technology of the Committee on Government Reform and the Subcommittee on Technology of the Committee on Science, House of Representatives, 106th Congress, Second Session, January 27, 2000 (135 pages)
    • Year 2000 Global Corporations: Will the Bug Bite Big Business, Hearing before the Special Committee on the Year 2000 Technology Problem, United States Senate, 106th Congress, First Session, July 22, 1999 (131 pages)
    • Joint Hearing on Federal Agency Y2K Spending, Hearing before the Committee on Appropriations and Special Committee on the Year 2000 Technology Problem, United States Senate, 106th Congress, First Session, June 22, 1999 (50 pages)
    • Will Y2K and Chemicals Be a Volatile Mix? Field Hearing before the Special Committee on the Year 2000 Technology Problem, United States Senate, 106th Congress, First Session, May 10, 1999 (153 pages)
    • Answering the Call for Help: The Impact of Y2K on 911 and Law Enforcement, Hearing before the Special Committee on the Year 2000 Technology Problem, United States Senate, 106th Congress, First Session, April 29, 1999 (60 pages)
    • Nuclear and Chemical Safety: Y2K Issues, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property and Nuclear Safety of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, 106th Congress, First Session, February 24, 1999 (95 pages)
    • Year 2000 Computer Problem, Hearings before the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, 106th Congress, First Session, January 20, 1999 (128 pages)
    • Small Businesses to Global Corporations: Will They Survive the Year 2000? Hearing before the Special Committee on the Year 2000 Technology Problem, United States Senate, 105th Congress, Second Session, October 7, 1998 (124 pages)
    • Y2K: Will We Get There on Time? Joint Hearing before the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, Subcommittee on Technology of the Committee on Science, and the Subcommittee on Government Management, Information, and Technology of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight and Hearings before the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives, 105th Congress, Second Session, September 29, 1998 (Joint Hearing) and October 2, 6, and 7, 1998 (Committee on Transportation) (661 pages)
    • Emergency Planning for the Year 2000: Preparation or Panic? Hearing before the Special Committee on the Year 2000 Technology Problem, United States Senate, 105th Congress, Second Session, October 2, 1998 (148 pages)
    • Telecommunications and Y2K: Communicating the Challenge of the Year 2000, Hearing before the Special Committee on the Year 2000 Technology Problem, United States Senate, 105th Congress, Second Session, July 31, 1998 (144 pages)
    • Year 2000 Problem and Telecommunications Systems, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight of the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, 105th Congress, Second Session, June 16, 1998 (78 pages)
    • Year 2000 Computer Problem, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight of the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, 105th Congress, Second Session, May 7, 1998 (125 pages)
    • Will Federal Computers be Ready for the Year 2000? Hearing before the Subcommittee on Government Management, Information, and Technology of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, 105th Congress, First Session, February 24, 1997 (151 pages)

Legislation

  • Homeland Security Act of 2002, November 25, 2002 (187 pages)
  • National Security Agency Act of 1959, May 29, 1959 (web link)

Congressional Research Service (CRS)

  • Critical Infrastructure Protection
    • Critical Infrastructures: Background, Policy, and Implementation, John D. Moteff, Specialist in Science and Technology Policy, Resources, Science, and Industry Division, Updated February 17, 2005 (36 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protections: The 9/11 Commission Report and Congressional Response, John D. Moteff, Specialist in Science and Technology Policy, Resources, Science, and Industry Division, Updated January 11, 2005 (13 pages)
    • Guarding America: Security Guards and U.S. Critical Infrastructure Protection, Paul W. Parfomak, Specialist in Science and Technology, Resources, Science, and Industry Division, November 12, 2004 (32 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure and Key Assets: Definition and Identification, John Moteff and Paul Parfomak, Resources, Science, and Industry Division, October 1, 2004 (19 pages)
    • Risk Management and Critical Infrastructure Protection: Assessing, Integrating, and Managing Threats, Vulnerabilities and Consequences, John Moteff, Specialist in Science and Technology Policy, Resources, Science, and Industry Division, September 2, 2004 (27 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure: Control Systems and the Terrorist Threat, Dana A. Shea, Analyst in Science and Technology Policy, Resources, Science, and Industry Division, Updated July 14, 2003 (19 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Information Disclosure and Homeland Security, John D. Moteff, Specialist in Science and Technology Policy, Resources, Science and Industry Division, Updated January 29, 2003 (22 pages)
    • Protecting Critical Infrastructure from Terrorist Attack: A Catalog of Selected Federal Assistance Programs, John Moteff, Coordinator and Specialist in Science and Technology Policy, Resources, Science, and Industry Division, June 25, 2002 (11 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructures: A Primer, John Moteff, Specialist in Science and Technology, Science, Technology, and Medicine Division, August 13, 1998 (6 pages)
  • Energy Sector
    • Government Activities to Protect the Electric Grid, Amy Abel, Specialist in Energy Policy, Resources, Science, and Industry Division, Updated February 4, 2005 (6 pages)
    • Electric Utility Restructuring: Maintaining Bulk Power System Reliability, Amy Abel and Larry Parker, Specialists in Energy Policy, and Steven C. Stitt, Research Fellow, Resources, Science, and Industry Division, Updated February 1, 2005 (29 pages)
  • Information Technology and Cyber Issues
    • Internet: An Overview of Key Technology Policy Issues Affecting its Use and Growth, Marcia S. Smith, John D. Moteff, Lennard G. Kruger, Jeffrey W. Seifert, and Patricia Moloney Figliola, Resources, Science, and Industry Division, and Rita Tehan, Knowledge Services Group, Updated April 13, 2005 (47 pages)
    • Computer Attack and Cyberterrorism: Vulnerabilities and Policy Issues for Congress, Clay Wilson, Specialist in Technology and National Security, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division, Updated April 1, 2005 (46 pages)
    • Computer Security: A Summary of Selected Federal Laws, Executive Orders, and Presidential Directives, John Moteff, Specialist in Science and Technology Policy, Resources, Science, and Industry Division, April 16, 2004 (16 pages)
    • Cyberwarfare, Steven A. Hildreth, Specialist in National Defense, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division, Updated June 19, 2001 (20 pages)
  • Miscellaneous
    • Homeland Security: Banking and Financial Infrastructure Continuity, William D. Jackson, Specialist in Financial Institutions, Government and Finance Division, Updated March 16, 2004 (19 pages)
    • Emergency Communications: Meeting Public Safety Spectrum Needs, Linda K. Moore, Analyst in Telecommunications and Technology Policy, Resources, Science, and Industry Division, Updated July 1, 2003 (44 pages)
    • National Commission on Terrorism Report: Background and Issues for Congress, Raphael F. Perl, Specialist in International Affairs, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division, Updated February 6, 2001 (6 pages)

Office of Technology Assessment (OTA)

  • Banking and Finance Sector
    • U.S. Banks and International Telecommunications, Background Paper, October 1992 (41 pages)
  • Defense Industrial Base (and Defense Technology Base)
    • Building Future Security: Strategies for Restructuring the Defense Technology and Industrial Base, June 1992 (162 pages)
    • Redesigning Defense: Planning the Transition to the Future U.S. Defense Industrial Base, July 1991 (121 pages)
    • Adjusting to a New Security Environment: The Defense Technology and Industrial Base Challenge, Background Paper, February 1991 (22 pages)
    • Holding the Edge: Maintaining the Defense Technology Base - Volume 2 Appendixes, January 1990 (185 pages)
    • The Defense Technology Base: Introduction and Overview, A Special Report of OTA's Assessment on Maintaining the Defense Technology Base, March 1988 (116 pages)
  • Electric Surveillance and Enterprises
    • Electronic Surveillance in a Digital Age, July 1995 (73 pages)
    • Electronic Enterprises: Looking to the Future, May 1994 (177 pages)
    • Physical Vulnerability of Electric Systems to Natural Disasters and Sabotage, June 1990 (66 pages)
    • Electronic Bulls and Bears: U.S. Securities Markets and Information Technology, September 1990 (209 pages)
    • Electronic Record Systems and Individual Privacy, June 1986 (152 pages)
    • Electronic Surveillance and Civil Liberties, October 1985 (73 pages)
    • Selected Electronic Funds Transfer Issues: Privacy, Security, and Equity, Background Paper, March 1982 (76 pages)
  • Information Technology and Cyber Issues
    • Issue Update on Information Security and Privacy in Network Environments, September 1995 (146 pages)
    • Wireless Technologies and the National Information Infrastructure, September 1995 (289 pages)
    • Information Security and Privacy in Network Environments, September 1994 (248 pages)
    • Accessibility and Integrity of Networked Information Collections, Background Paper, August 1993 (113 pages)
    • Advanced Network Technology, Background Paper, June 1993 (82 pages)
    • SDI: Technology, Survivability, and Software, May 1988 (283 pages)
    • Defending Secrets, Sharing Data: New Locks and Keys for Electronic Information, October 1987 (187 pages)
    • Federal Government Information Technology: Management, Security, and Congressional Oversight, February 1986 (194 pages)
    • Effects of Information Technology on Financial Services Systems, September 1984 (279 pages)
    • Computer-Based National Information Systems: Technology and Public Policy Issues, September 1981 (171 pages)
  • Miscellaneous Technology
    • Virtual Reality and Technologies for Combat Simulation , September 1994 (57 pages)
    • Technologies Underlying Weapons of Mass Destruction, Background Paper, December 1993 (265 pages)
    • Technology Against Terrorism: Structuring Security, January 1992 (144 pages)
    • Technology Against Terrorism: The Federal Effort, July 1991 (111 pages)
    • Science, Technology, and the First Amendment, Special Report, January 1988 (72 pages)
    • Science, Technology, and the Constitution, Background Paper, September 1987 (29 pages)
    • Transportation of Hazardous Materials, July 1986 (272 pages)
    • Ballistic Missile Defense Technologies, September 1985 (328 pages)
    • Technology, Innovation, and Regional Economic Development: Encouraging High-Technology Development, Background Paper #2, April 1983 (96 pages)
    • Technology Assessment in Business and Government: Summary and Analysis, January 1977 (42 pages)
    • Technology Assessment Activities in the Industrial, Academic, and Governmental Communities, Hearings before the Technology Assessment Board of the Office of Technology Assessment, Congress of the United States, 94th Congress, Second Session, December 1976 (392 pages)

President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection (PCCIP) Reports

  • PCCIP Reports
    • Academic Workshop on Public Confidence: Proceedings, Report of the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, 1997 (251 pages)
    • Basic Characteristics of Freight Rail Transportation in the United States, Report of the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, 1997 (31 pages)
    • Common Defense Against Uncommon Threats: The Federal Role in Critical Infrastructure Protection, Report of the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, 1997 (25 pages)
    • Critical Foundations: Protecting America's Infrastructures, The Report of the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, October 1997 (192 pages)
    • Critical Foundations: Thinking Differently, Report of the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection (9 pages)
    • Incentives to Encourage Infrastructure Assurance Investments, Report of the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, 1997 (11 pages)
    • Open Source Bibliography, PCCIP, 1997 (71 pages)
    • Preliminary Research and Development Roadmap for Protecting and Assuring Critical National Infrastructures, Report of the Transition Office of the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection and the Critical Infrastructure Assurance Office, July 1998 (74 pages)
    • President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection Overview Briefing, PCCIP, June 1997 (30 pages)
    • Public Confidence, Report of the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, 1997 (14 pages)
  • Prepared Reports
    • Assessment of the Impact of the Year 2000 Problem on Critical Infrastructures, Report to the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, Prepared by the Technical Resource Center, MITRETEK Systems, 1997 (34 pages)
    • Commercial Perspectives on Information Assurance Research, Report to the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, Prepared by Institute for Defense Analyses, 1997 (115 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection Strategic Simulation Report, Report to the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, Prepared by Booz Allen & Hamilton, 1997 (52 pages)
    • Economic Impacts of Infrastructure Failures, Report to the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, Prepared by Booz Allen & Hamilton, 1997 (67 pages)
    • Federal Structures for Infrastructure Protection, Report to the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, Prepared by Institute for Defense Analyses, 1997 (47 pages)
    • The Fire Service Relationship to the National Critical Infrastructure, Report to the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, Prepared by the International Association of Fire Chiefs, 1997 (28 pages)
    • Government Incentive Tools: A Study, Report to the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, Prepared by KPMG Peat Marwick LLP, 1997 (27 pages)
    • Law Enforcement Infrastructure Challenges, Report to the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, 1997 (22 pages)
    • Legal Foundations Study, Reports to the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, 1997
      • Legal Foundations: Studies and Conclusions, Report 1 of 12 (34 pages)
      • The Federal Legal Landscape: A "Legal Foundations" Study, Report 2 of 12 (85 pages)
      • The Regulatory Landscape: Overview of the Impacts of Regulatory Agency Practices on Critical Infrastructure Protection, Report 3 of 12, Prepared by Argonne National Laboratory, 1997 (133 pages)
      • Legal Authorities Database: A "Legal Foundations" Study, Report 4 of 12 (8 pages)
      • Infrastructure Protection Solutions Catalog: A "Legal Foundations" Study, Report 5 of 12 (86 pages)
      • Major Federal Legislation: A "Legal Foundations" Study, Report 6 of 12 (29 pages)
      • Adequacy of Criminal Law and Procedure (Cyber): A "Legal Foundations" Study, Report 7 of 12 (46 pages)
      • Adequacy of Criminal Law and Procedure (Physical): A "Legal Foundations" Study, Report 8 of 12 (40 pages)
      • Privacy Laws and the Employer-Employee Relationship: A "Legal Foundations" Study, Report 9 of 12 (34 pages)
      • Legal Impediments to Information Sharing: A "Legal Foundations" Study, Report 10 of 12 (21 pages)
      • Federal Government Model Performance: A "Legal Foundations" Study, Report 11 of 12 (48 pages)
      • Approaches to Cyber Intrusion Response: A "Legal Foundations" Study, Report 12 of 12 (24 pages)
    • Liability and Insurance: Infrastructure Assurance, Report to the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, Prepared by Coopers & Lybrand L.L.P., 1997 (91 pages)
    • Opinion Survey of Infrastructure Owners and Users, Report to the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, Prepared by Fleishman-Hillard, Inc., 1997 (112 pages)
    • Regulating the Internet, Report to the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, Prepared by Ethan B. Kapstein, Ph.D., 1997 (50 pages)
    • Summary Report on Critical Infrastructure Interviews, Report to the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, Prepared by Argonne National Laboratory, 1997 (77 pages)
    • Toward Deterrence in the Cyber Dimension, Report to the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, 1997 (9 pages)
    • Threat and Vulnerability Model for Information Security, Report to the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, 1997 (54 pages)
    • US Infrastructure Assurance Prosperity GameTM Final Report, Report to the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, Prepared by Sandia National Laboratories with Prosperity Institute, 1997 (25 pages)

U.S. Critical Infrastructure Assurance Office (CIAO) Reports and Testimonies

  • Creating the Department of Homeland Security: Consideration of the Administration’s Proposal, John S. Tritak, Director, CIAO, Testimony before the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, July 9, 2002 (web link)
  • Protecting America's Critical Infrastructures: How Secure Are Government Computer Systems?, John S. Tritak, Director, CIAO, Testimony before the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, April 5, 2001 (web link)
  • Practices for Securing Critical Information Assets, Report of the Critical Infrastructure Assurance Office, January 2000 (98 pages)

Gilmore Commission Reports and Documents

The Gilmore Commission is formally known as the Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction.

  • Background
    • Gilmore Commission Main Webpage (web link)
    • Gilmore Commission Charter (web link)
    • Gilmore Commission Membership (web link)
    • Enabling Legislation: Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999, Public Law 105-261, October 17, 1998 (2 pages)
  • Annual Reports
    • I. Assessing the Threat, First Annual Report to the President and the Congress of the Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction, December 15, 1999 (123 pages)
    • II. Toward a National Strategy for Combating Terrorism, Second Annual Report of the Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction, December 15, 2000 (191 pages)
    • III. For Ray Downey, Third Annual Report to the President and the Congress of the Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction, December 15, 2001 (270 pages)
    • IV. Implementing the National Strategy, Fourth Annual Report to the President and the Congress of the Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction, December 15, 2002 (353 pages)
    • V. Forging America's New Normalcy: Securing Our Homeland, Preserving Our Liberty, Fifth Annual Report to the President and the Congress of the Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction, December 15, 2003 (52 pages)
  • Meeting Minutes
    • September 3, 2003 (18 pages) and September 4, 2003 (7 pages)
    • June 16, 2003 (14 pages) and June 17, 2003 (19 pages)
    • April 30, 2003 (11 pages) and May 1, 2003 (11 pages)
    • March 21, 2003 (5 pages)
    • November 7, 2002 (25 pages) and November 8, 2002 (13 pages)
    • September 30, 2002 (12 pages)
    • September 12, 2002 (10 pages) and September 13, 2002 (10 pages)
    • April 11, 2002 (7 pages) and April 12, 2002 (2 pages)
    • August 26, 2001 (7 pages) and August 27, 2001 (7 pages)
    • June 18, 2001 (3 pages) and June 19, 2001 (5 pages)
    • March 29, 2001 (10 pages) and March 30, 2001 (6 pages)
    • November 27, 2000 (7 pages) and November 28, 2000 (11 pages)
    • September 28, 2000 (13 pages) and September 29, 2000 (8 pages)
    • July 17, 2000 (16 pages) and July 18, 2000 (6 pages)
    • March 29, 2000 (13 pages)
    • December 13, 1999 (9 pages)
    • September 22, 1999 (17 pages)
    • June 9, 1999 (12 pages)
    • April 6, 1999 (9 pages)

Hart-Rudman Commission Reports and Documents

The Hart-Rudman Commission is formally known as the U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century.

  • New World Coming: American Security in the 21st Century - Major Themes and Implications, The Phase I Report on the Emerging Global Security Environment for the First Quarter of the 21st Century, September 15, 1999 (11 pages)
  • New World Coming: American Security in the 21st Century - Study Addendum, September 15, 1999 (22 pages)
  • New World Coming: American Security in the 21st Century - Supporting Research and Analysis, The Phase I Report on the Emerging Global Security Environment for the First Quarter of the 21st Century, September 15, 1999 (151 pages)
  • Seeking a National Strategy: A Concert for Preserving Security and Promoting Freedom, The Phase II Report on a U.S. National Security Strategy for the 21st Century, April 15, 2000 (17 pages)
  • Road Map for National Security: Imperative for Change, The Phase III Report of the U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century, February 15, 2001 (156 pages)
  • Road Map for National Security Addendums
  • Addendum Overview (web link)
  • Addendum on Structure and Process Analysis, National Security Study Group assisted by Booz·Allen & Hamilton, April 15, 2001
    • Volume I - Key Observations and Overarching Processes (147 pages)
    • Volume II - Executive Office of the President (125 pages)
    • Volume III - Congress (257 pages)
    • Volume IV - Department of Defense (340 pages)
    • Volume V - Department of State (229 pages)
    • Volume VI - Intelligence Community (142 pages)
    • Volume VII - Executive Branch Activities (424 pages)
  • Addendum on Implementation, National Security Study Group assisted by Booz·Allen & Hamilton, April 15, 2001 (325 pages)
  • Creating Defense Excellence: Defense Addendum to Road Map for National Security, National Security Study Group, May 15, 2001 (100 pages)
  • Journeys Through the Teacher Pipeline: Recapitalizing American Education - Partial Cost Estimates for Road Map for National Security, May 15, 2001 (30 pages)

Related Reports and Articles

Related Government Reports

  • Combating Terrorism
    • 2003 Report to Congress on Combating Terrorism, Office of Management and Budget, September 2003 (77 pages)
    • Post Exercise Overview: Silent Vector, Andrews Air Force Base, October 17-18, 2002 (5 pages)
    • Executive Summary: Transforming Defense: National Security in the 21st Century, Report of the National Defense Panel, December 1997 (web link)
    • Transforming Defense: National Security in the 21st Century, Report of the National Defense Panel, December 1997 (108 pages)
    • Countering the Changing Threat of International Terrorism, Report of the National Commission on Terrorism, Pursuant to Public Law 277, 105th Congress (web link)
  • Critical Infrastructure Protection
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection and the Private Sector: The Crucial Role of Incentives, Peter R. Orszag and Joseph A. Pechman, Senior Fellow in Economic Studies, The Brookings Institution, Testimony before the Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Science, and Research & Development and the Subcommittee on Infrastructure and Border Security, House Select Committee on Homeland Security, September 4, 2003 (12 pages)
    • The September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks - Critical Infrastructure Protection Lessons Learned, Office of Critical Infrastructure Protection and Emergency Preparedness, Government of Canada, September 27, 2002 (23 pages)
    • Report of the President of the United States on the Status of Federal Critical Infrastructure Protection Activities, January 2001 (209 pages)
    • The Department of Defense Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) Plan: A Plan in Response to Presidential Decision Directive 63 “Critical Infrastructure Protection”, U.S. Department of Defense, November 18, 1998 (web link)
    • Conference on Critical Infrastructure Protection, Address by Attorney General Janet Reno at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, February 27, 1998 (web link)
  • Cybersecurity
    • Cyber Security Protecting New York State’s Critical Infrastructure, The Cyber Security Task Force, The New York State Office of Cyber Security and Critical Infrastructure Coordination, June 2003 (web link)
    • The National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace (Draft), The President’s Critical Infrastructure Protection Board, Office of Energy Assurance, U.S. Department of Energy,  September 2002 (65 pages)
    • 21 Steps to Improve Cyber Security of SCADA Networks, The President’s Critical Infrastructure Protection Board, Office of Energy Assurance, U.S. Department of Energy, 2002 (10 pages)
  • Department of Homeland Security Organization
    • Department of Homeland Security Organization Chart, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, August 2005 (1 page)
    • About the Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Department of Homeland Security (web link)
    • Information Analysis & Infrastructure Protection, U.S. Department of Homeland Security (web link)
  • Department of Defense
    • Defense Science Board 2003 Summer Study on DoD Roles and Missions in Homeland Security: Volume I, U.S. Department of Defense, November 2003 (128 pages)
    • Defense Science Board 2003 Summer Study on DoD Roles and Missions in Homeland Security: Volume II Part A, U.S. Department of Defense, May 2004 (157 pages)
    • Defense Science Board 2003 Summer Study on DoD Roles and Missions in Homeland Security: Volume II Part B, U.S. Department of Defense, September 2004 (109 pages)
  • Emergency and Incident Response
    • Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (EMR-ISAC), U.S. Fire Administration, March 2005 (web link)
    • Chemical/Biological/Radiological Incident Handbook, Central Intelligence Agency, October 1998 (web link)
  • Research and Development
    • The National Plan for Research and Development in Support of Critical Infrastructure Protection, The Executive Office of the President, Office of Science and Technology Policy and the Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, 2004 (96 pages)
    • Report on the Federal Agenda in Critical Infrastructure Protection Research and Development, Critical Infrastructure Protection R&D Interagency Working Group, January 2001 (71 pages)
    • Follow-on Guidance for FY 2001 Interagency Research and Development Activities, Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies from Neal Lane and Jacob J. Lew, Office of Science and Technology Policy  (web link)
    • 1998 Annual Report, National Science and Technology Council, Office of Science and Technology Policy (web link)
  • Strategic Planning
    • Securing Our Homeland: U.S. Department of Homeland Security Strategic Plan, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2004 (31 pages)
    • The National Security Strategy of the United States of America, September 2002 (35 pages)
    • Strategic Plan for Homeland Security, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, September 2002, (62 pages)
  • Y2K
    • The Journey to Y2K:  Final Report of the President’s Council On Year 2000 Conversion, President’s Council on Year 2000 Conversion, March 29, 2000 (73 pages)

Related Non-Government Reports and Articles

  • Bioterrorism
    • Agricultural Bioterrorism: A Federal Strategy to Meet the Threat, Henry S. Parker, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, 2002 (113 pages)
  • Combating Terrorism
    • Mapping the Risks: Assessing the Homeland Security Implications of Publicly Available Geospatial Information, John C. Baker, Beth E. Lachman, David R. Frelinger, Kevin M. O’Connell, Alexander C. Hou, Michael S. Tseng, David Orletsky, and Charles Yost, RAND, 2004 (237 pages)
    • Silent Vector: Issues of Concern and Policy Recommendations, Center for Strategic and International Studies, September 2003 (32 pages)
    • Silent Vector, Terrorism Information Center (web link)
    • Combating Terrorism: With a Helmet or a Badge? Jeffrey H. Norwitz, August 2002 (web link)
  • Critical Infrastructure Protection
    • Protecting Commercial Aviation Against the Shoulder-Fired Missile Threat, James Chow, James Chiesa, Paul Dreyer, Mel Eisman, Theodore W. Karasik, Joel Kvitky, Sherrill Lingel, David Ochmanek, and Chad Shirley, RAND, 2005 (64 pages)
    • Terrorism and the Security of Public Surface Transportation, Brian Michael Jenkins, RAND, April 2004 (11 pages)
    • Terrorism and Rail Security, Jack Riley,RAND, March 2004 (14 pages)
    • Evaluating the Security of the Global Containerized Supply Chain, Henry H. Willis and David S. Ortiz, RAND, 2004 (49 pages)
    • America–Still Unprepared, Still in Danger, Gary Hart and Warren B. Rudman,Co-Chairs, and Stephen E. Flynn, Project Director, Council on Foreign Relations, 2002 (48 pages)
    • Securing Oil and Natural Gas Infrastructures in the New Economy, National Petroleum Council, June 2001 (100 pages)
    • Renewing America’s Infrastructure: A Citizen’s Guide, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001 (25 pages)
    • Report on the Workshop on Protecting and Assuring Critical National Infrastructure: Next Steps, David Alderson, David D. Elliott, Gregory Grove, Timothy Holliday, Stephen J. Lukasik, and Seymour E. Goodman, Center for International Security and Arms Control, Stanford University, June 1998 (80 pages)
    • Critical Infrastructure Protection and the Endangerment of Civil Liberties: An Assessment of the President’s Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection (PCCIP), Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC), 1998 (65 pages)
    • Critical Foundations: Protecting America’s Infrastructures, Robert T. Marsh, George C. Marshall Institute, November 12, 1997 (web link)
    • Satellites as Critical Infrastructure, Satellite Industry Association (28 pages)
  • Cybersecurity
    • Slammer Worm Crashed Ohio Nuke Plant Network, Kevin Poulsen, SecurityFocus, August 19, 2003 (web link)
    • Information Technology (IT) Security for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems, Paper Submitted by Alan Gunnerson, Graduate School of Management, University of Dallas,  June 15, 2003 (82 pages)
    • Assessing the Risks of Cyber Terrorism, Cyber War and Other Cyber Threats, James A. Lewis, Center for Strategic and International Studies, December 2002 (12 pages)
    • Understanding SCADA System Security Vulnerabilities, Riptech, Inc., January 2001 (5 pages)
    • Cybercrime Dilemma: Is it Possible to Guarantee Both Security and Privacy? Michael O'Neil, The Brookings Review, Vol.19 No.1, pp. 28-31, 2001 (web link)
    • The Cyber-Posture of the National Information Infrastructure, Willis H. Ware, RAND (web link)
  • Defense Production Act
    • Use of the Defense Production Act of 1950 for Critical Infrastructure Protection, Lee M. Zeichner, September 2001 (13 pages)
  • Department of Homeland Security Organization
    • The Department of Homeland Security: The Road Ahead, Michael A. Wermuth, RAND, January 2005 (22 pages)
  • Homeland Defense and Security
    • Behind America’s Front Lines: Organizing to Protect the Homeland, Ivo H. Daalder and I.M. Destler, The Brookings Review, Vol. 20 No.3, pp. 17-19, 2002 (web link)
    • Protecting the American Homeland: A Preliminary Analysis, Michael E. O’Hanlon, Peter R. Orszag, Ivo H. Daalder, I.M. Destler, David L. Gunter, Robert E. Litan, James B. Steinberg, The Brookings Institution, 2002 (182 pages)
    • Homeland Defense: The State of the Union, Colonel Randall J. Larsen, USAF, and Ruth A. David, Ph.D., The ANSER Institute for Homeland Security, May 2001 (web link)
    • Homeland Security: A Compendium of Public and Private Organizations’ Policy Recommen